Journal of Ideas in Health
type: channel
description: Aims and Scops Journal of Ideas in Health ( JIDHealth ) is an international general medical, open-access double-blind peer-reviewed online journal. This journal provides a platform for new insights to improve health. Researchers are welcome to submit their articles in all health-related sub-disciplines (medical, pre-clinical, and clinical research, reviews, preliminary, and pilot studies). Special focus shall be given to scientific, new, and innovative ideas. All accepted articles will be published online in the next available issue when ready for publication.
publisher: Journal of Ideas in Health
language: en
publication name: Journal of Ideas in Health
issn: 0000-0000
items: Enhancing neglected tropical diseases awareness through climate change communication in rural Nigeria
items: Visual rating of GCA and MTA scoring with deep white matter hyperintensities in relation to age and cognitive value
items: https://jidhealth.com/index.php/jidhealth/article/view/427
items: Ectoparasites and Hemoparasites of the Silvery Mole Rats (Heliophobius Argentiocinereus Emini) In Morogoro Region, Tanzania
items: Predictable yet neglected: a review of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever outbreaks and response delays in Iraq
items: Artificial intelligence in the Iraqi health system: challenges, opportunities, and pathways towards universal health coverage
items: Serological similarity of Leptospira serovars in livestock and livestock keepers in Ngorongoro conservation area, Tanzania
items: Assessing the effectiveness of spinal compared to general anesthesia in scheduled minimally invasive lumbar spine surgeries in a tertiary care hospital in Gujarat, India
items: Knowledge of antibiotic prescription guidelines among doctors in Ramadi PHC Centers, Iraq
items: Isolated biliary tract injury: necessity to heighten vigilance following blunt abdominal trauma in children
items: Prevalence and molecular characterization of Bartonella species from rodents and their associated ectoparasites in Kilwa District, Lindi region, Tanzania
items: Non-medical pathways to cardiovascular health: a discourse analysis of dietary and lifestyle interventions in the United States
items: Worker falls with impalement by a steel bar that results in a penetrating scrotal injury: a case report
items: Unveiling the facilitators and barriers of adopting healthy diets among Indonesian teenagers during covid-19 pandemic
items: Differences, relationships, and risks of using digital technology with depression, anxiety, and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic
items: Serological insights and clinical patterns of dengue fever in a tertiary care hospital: a survey-based study
items: Impact of asthma on linear growth in preschool children: a cross-sectional study in Iraq
items: Flexible ureterorenoscopy for renal stones in ectopic malrotated pelvic kidneys: a case report on safety and effectiveness
items: Navigating the complexities of anesthetic management in a preterm neonate with double outlet right ventricle posted for noncardiac surgery
items: A paradox of the ovulatory patterns in the living laboratory, African giant pouched rat (Cricetomys gambianus) from Tanzania
items: The penetration, possibility of protection and treatment of COVID-19
items: knowledge, attitude, and practice on brucellosis among livestock keepers in Kilosa district, Tanzania
items: Frequency domain analysis of heart rate variability in response to cold pressor test in young offspring of hypertensive parents
items: Biofilm formation and virulence factors in streptococcus pyogenes isolated from pharyngitis patients: implications for diagnosis and treatment
items: Assessing knowledge and readiness of senior medical students in diagnosing appendicitis
items: Prevalence of burnout among medical students at Al-Nahrain University, Iraq: a cross-sectional study
items: Role of erythropoietin in anemic children with chronic renal failure in Diyala Governorate, Iraq
items: Cestodes fauna of silvery mole rats (Heliophobius Argentiocinereus Emini) in Morogoro Region, Tanzania
items: Prevalence of Leptospira antibodies in cattle, sheep, and goats in Kilwa District, Tanzania: a risk to public health
items: Seroprevalence and molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii infecting Rodents and Pigs in Iringa Municipality, Tanzania

Enhancing neglected tropical diseases awareness through climate change communication in rural Nigeria
type: item
description: Background: Climate change, no doubt, acts as a catalyst for the spread of infectious diseases in Nigeria’s rural communities by altering the habitats of vectors such as mosquitoes and ticks. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of communication strategies to raise awareness about NTDs in the context of climate change among rural communities. Methods: The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed research design method. It was 2025 research carried out in six states of North Central, Nigeria plus the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja. A four-point Likert scale questionnaire was used as instrument in the collection of quantitative data from 365 respondents in the communities. While interview guide was used as the instrument to collect data from 21 key informants comprising of community leaders, health care givers, and policy makers. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Results: Participants from 18 to 56 years and above took part in the study. They constitute 168 male and 197 female. Those with secondary school education were more than those without education, and those with primary school certificates. Findings revealed that participants in the study understood adverse variation in climate connects to disease and public health problems. In addition, participants in the study unanimously agreed (with a mean score of 3.00 and above) that combating NTDs require a participatory approach, which must involve all relevant stakeholders. Conclusion: Empirical studies on NTDs in Nigeria and other endemic regions show that regardless of government and health institutions efforts toward the mitigation of NTDs, awareness is still a challenge. Therefore, increased sensitization and public involvement are essential policy priorities to sustain progress in NTDs elimination in Nigeria’s rural communities.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Climate Change, Communication, Neglected Tropical Diseases, Enhance, Awareness, Rural Communities, Nigeria
  topic: keywords
subject: Health communication
  topic: disciplines
subject: Social Sciences
  topic: disciplines
subject: Public Health
  topic: disciplines
creator: Andrew Ngene
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Andrew Hyacinth Ngene http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-08-31
publication date: 2025-08-31
starting page: 1335
ending page: 1343
doi: 10.47108/jidhealth.Vol8.Iss4.428

Visual rating of GCA and MTA scoring with deep white matter hyperintensities in relation to age and cognitive value
type: item
description: Background: The cognitive dysfunction disorders are nowadays represented great health, social, and economic burden globally. Magnetic resonance imaging plays a major role in the evaluation of these disorders. This study aims to assess the relationship between the visual rating scale of global cerebral atrophy (GCA) & medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) scoring with age, white matter hyper-intensities, and cognitive value. Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out from 1st of November 2022 to 28th of February 2023 at the Magnetic Resonance Imaging unit of the Radiology department in Baghdad Teaching Hospital at Medical Complex in Baghdad city, Iraq. Sixty patients aged over 45 years with suspected cognitive abnormalities were included, while younger patients, those with territorial infarction, watershed infarction, or unwillingness to participate were excluded. Data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire covering sociodemographic factors, chronic illnesses, cognitive status, MRI findings, and visual rating scales (Fazekas, Global Cortical Atrophy [GCA], and Medial Temporal Lobe Atrophy [MTA]). MRI was performed using a 1.5T Philips Achieva Nova scanner, and cognitive assessment was conducted with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Results: The mean age of participants was 62.4 ± 8.8 years, with males slightly predominating (55%). Chronic diseases were common, particularly hypertension (57.2%). Cognitive assessment revealed 51.7% with normal cognition, 18.3% with mild cognitive impairment, and 30% with dementia. Higher Fazekas, GCA, and MTA scores were significantly associated with dementia (p<0.05). MTA scores were significantly elevated in Alzheimer’s disease (p<0.001), while vascular etiologies were strongly associated with higher GCA, Fazekas, and MTA scores (p<0.05). Non-strategic lacunar ischemia showed higher Fazekas scores compared to strategic types (p=0.006). Increasing age was significantly linked to dementia, vascular pathology, an…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cognitive Disorders, Visual Rating Scales, White Matter Hyperintensities, Iraq
  topic: keywords
subject: Radiology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Geriatric Medicine
  topic: disciplines
creator: Ruaa Salman
creator: Fedan Hassan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ruaa Abdulkareem Salman , Fedan Ihsan Hassan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-08-31
publication date: 2025-08-31
starting page: 1313
ending page: 1321
doi: 10.47108/jidhealth.Vol8.Iss4.422

https://jidhealth.com/index.php/jidhealth/article/view/427
type: item
title: Efficacy of vitamin B6 plus magnesium in enhancing cognitive and language functions in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder and well-controlled epilepsy: a double-blind placebo-controlled study
description: Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children often involves deficits in communication, social interaction, and behavioral regulation. Emerging evidence suggests that vitamin B6 and magnesium supplementation may aid in alleviating these symptoms. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of vitamin B6 plus magnesium in improving social, nonverbal communication, speech, and language skills in preschool children with ASD and well-controlled epilepsy. Methods: A double-blind placebo-controlled trial was conducted involving 50 children under 14 years diagnosed with ASD based on CARS-2 criteria. Participants were randomly assigned to either receive vitamin B6 plus magnesium (n=25) or a placebo (n=25) for 120 days. Clinical outcomes were evaluated weekly and analyzed using SPSS v19. Results: The intervention group showed significant improvement in social skills (Mean = 11.10, SD = 0.47, p = 0.0103), nonverbal communication (Mean = 10.67, SD = 0.59, p = 0.0024), and speech and language skills (Mean = 10.87, SD = 0.47, p = 0.0030) compared to the placebo group. Conclusion: Vitamin B6 plus magnesium significantly improves cognitive and language functions in children with ASD and well-controlled epilepsy.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Double‐blind, Vitamin B6, Magnesium, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Epileptic, Preschool Children, Iraq
  topic: keywords
subject: Peadiatric
  topic: disciplines
subject: Neutrition
  topic: disciplines
subject: Mental health
  topic: disciplines
creator: Baha Alosy
creator: Mossab Adil
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Baha Dhiaa Moohee Alosy, Mossab Sarmed Adil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-08-31
publication date: 2025-08-31
starting page: 1330
ending page: 1334
doi: 10.47108/jidhealth.Vol8.Iss4.427

Ectoparasites and Hemoparasites of the Silvery Mole Rats (Heliophobius Argentiocinereus Emini) In Morogoro Region, Tanzania
type: item
description: Background: The silvery mole rat (Heliophobius Argentiocinereus Emini) is a subterranean rodent widely distributed across Sub-Saharan Africa and exploited as a protein source in some communities. Despite this, limited data exist on ectoparasite and hemoparasite infections in this species in Tanzania. This study aims to determine the prevalence of hemoparasites in silvery mole rats and to identify their potential arthropod vectors in the Morogoro region of Tanzania. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Mvomero and Morogoro districts, Tanzania, between March and June 2023. A total of 137 silvery mole rats were captured through manual excavation. Ectoparasites were collected from animal fur and identified morphologically using taxonomic keys. Blood samples were obtained directly from the heart, and smears were prepared, stained with Giemsa, and microscopically examined for hemoparasites. Statistical analysis was performed to assess associations between host factors, ectoparasite infestation, and hemoparasite infection. Results: Of the 137 captured mole rats, 65% (n=89) were females and 86.7% (n=120) were adults. The overall prevalence of ectoparasitism was 71.5% (98/137). A total of 1,503 ectoparasites were recovered, dominated by Androlaelaps spp. (93.15%, n=1400), followed by Echinolaelaps echidinus (6.19%, n=93), and Haemaphysalis spp. ticks (0.67%, n=10). Hemoparasites were detected in 29.2% (40/137) of hosts, including Anaplasma spp. (25.5%) and Babesia spp. (16.8%). Coinfections with both parasites occurred in 13.1% of individuals. Adult mole rats had significantly higher odds of hemoparasite infection (OR = 3.23, 95% CI: 1.15–9.11, p = 0.04). Tick infestation was strongly associated with Babesia spp. (χ² = 11.91, OR = 15.56, p < 0.001) and Anaplasma spp. (χ² = 5.82, OR = 8.3, p = 0.01). Conclusion: This study demonstrates a high prevalence of ectoparasites and hemoparasites among silvery mole rats in the Morogoro region. The dominance of mite infest…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Silvery Mole Rat, Heliophobius Argentiocinereus Emini, Ectoparasites, Hemoparasites, Anaplasma, Babesia, Prevalence; Zoonotic Diseases, Tanzania
  topic: keywords
subject: Paracitology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Infectious Disease
  topic: disciplines
subject: Veterinary public health
  topic: disciplines
creator: Debora Shija
creator: Mungo Ngalameno
creator: Jahashi Nzalawahe
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Debora Elias Shija , Mungo Kisinza Ngalameno , Jahashi Said Nzalawahe http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-08-31
publication date: 2025-08-31
starting page: 1322
ending page: 1329
doi: 10.47108/jidhealth.Vol8.Iss4.424

Predictable yet neglected: a review of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever outbreaks and response delays in Iraq
type: item
description: Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) poses a significant and growing public health challenge in Iraq, with outbreaks occurring predictably each year during warmer months and primarily affecting rural, livestock-rearing regions. Despite the known seasonal and geographical patterns, public health responses remain largely reactive and delayed, contributing to higher incidence and case fatalities most notably in the large outbreaks of 2022 and 2023. Factors such as disrupted veterinary services during the COVID-19 pandemic, uncontrolled animal movements, and limited healthcare infrastructure have exacerbated the spread and severity of CCHF. This review highlights the persistent gaps in proactive surveillance, intersectoral collaboration, and preventive measures in Iraq, contrasting them with more effective strategies implemented in neighboring countries. To mitigate future outbreaks, a strengthened One Health approach is urgently needed, incorporating continuous tick and animal surveillance, targeted acaricide treatment, regulation of animal slaughter, and enhanced public education. Improved national coordination and resource allocation are critical to transitioning from a reactionary stance to a sustainable, preventative framework against CCHF in Iraq. .
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF)
  topic: keywords
subject: Predictable
  topic: keywords
subject: Outbreak
  topic: keywords
subject: COVID-19 impact
  topic: keywords
subject: Iraq
  topic: keywords
subject: Infectious Disease
  topic: disciplines
subject: Veterinary public health
  topic: disciplines
subject: Virology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Nawfal Hussein
creator: Aya Hussein
creator: Halder Abozait
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Nawfal R Hussein, Aya R Hussein, Halder J Abozait http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 1305
ending page: 1308
doi: 10.47108/jidhealth.Vol8.Iss3.421

Artificial intelligence in the Iraqi health system: challenges, opportunities, and pathways towards universal health coverage
type: item
description: Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly recognized as a transformative tool in healthcare management. In Iraq, the potential of AI remains underexplored due to systemic, infrastructural, and professional challenges. This narrative review explores the challenges, problems, and potential solutions of using AI to manage and control Iraq’s health system, with a particular focus on universal health coverage (UHC). Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2015 and 2025, complemented by WHO and Iraqi Ministry of Health reports. Results: The findings highlight barriers including capacity building, availability and accessibility of data, professional preparedness, and legal frameworks. Recent innovations and policy initiatives demonstrate opportunities for integration of AI to strengthen health service delivery and monitoring. Conclusion: AI adoption in Iraq requires multi-level reforms involving workforce training, legal regulation, robust digital infrastructure, and alignment with UHC objectives. These measures can enhance equity, efficiency, and resilience in Iraq’s health system.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Artificial Intelligence, Healthcare System, Universal Health Coverage, Data Management, Digital Health, Capacity Building, Iraq
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Health
  topic: disciplines
subject: Information Technology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Health System Reform
  topic: disciplines
creator: Saad Ahmed Ali Jadoo
creator: Anmar Mahmood
creator: Mustafa Alsamurai
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Saad Ahmed Ali Jadoo, Anmar Shukur Mahmood, Mustafa Qays Fadhil Alsamurai http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-08-31
publication date: 2025-08-31
starting page: 1309
ending page: 1312
doi: 10.47108/jidhealth.Vol8.Iss4.420

Serological similarity of Leptospira serovars in livestock and livestock keepers in Ngorongoro conservation area, Tanzania
type: item
description: Background: Leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonotic disease affecting mammals including wildlife, livestock, and humans, with higher prevalence recorded in pastoral communities where close contact between animals and humans increases the risk of transmission. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of Leptospira serovars among livestock and livestock keepers in four selected villages of the Ngorongoro Conservation Area (NCA), during the wet season. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to April 2022 in four villages within NCA. The convenience sampling technique was recruited to collect blood samples from 141 livestock (96 cattle, 25 sheep, and 20 goats) and 154 livestock keepers. Sera were analyzed using the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) to diagnose individuals infected by Leptospira serovars. Data were analyzed using SPSS v26 with descriptive and inferential statistics including Chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, and logistic regression. Results: The overall seroprevalence was 10.64% in livestock and 5.19% in livestock keepers. Cattle had the highest positivity (11.46%) among animals. Hebdomadis was the most frequently detected serovar in livestock, while Grippotyphosa predominated in humans. Oloirobi village recorded the highest human seroprevalence (3.25%) with a statistically significant difference compared to Endulen (p=0.007). Analysis of logistic regression showed no significant associations between seropositivity and sex or age of livestock keepers. Conclusion: The presence of Leptospira antibodies in both livestock and humans indicates ongoing exposure in the NCA. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions including livestock vaccination programs, improved animal husbandry practices, and increased public health education for livestock keepers to reduce transmission risks and protect both animal and human health.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Leptospirosis, Prevalence, Microscopic Agglutination Test, Seroprevalence, Livestock, Tanzania
  topic: keywords
subject: Paracitology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Zoology, Infectious Disease
  topic: disciplines
subject: Veterinary public health
  topic: disciplines
creator: Prisca Kahangwa
creator: Amani Kitegile
creator: Robert Machang’u
creator: Ginethon Mhamphi
creator: Claus Thomas
creator: Abdul Katakweba
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Prisca N. Kahangwa , Amani S. Kitegile , Robert S. Machang’u, Ginethon G. Mhamphi, Claus Thomas, Abdul S. Katakweba http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 1297
ending page: 1304
doi: 10.47108/jidhealth.Vol8.Iss3.418

Assessing the effectiveness of spinal compared to general anesthesia in scheduled minimally invasive lumbar spine surgeries in a tertiary care hospital in Gujarat, India
type: item
description: Background: Minimally invasive spine surgery (MIS) is increasingly preferred over traditional open surgery due to its advantages. Anesthesia choice plays a key role in surgical outcomes. This study compares spinal anesthesia (SA) and general anesthesia (GA) in patients undergoing scheduled MIS for lumbar spine conditions. Methods: This prospective randomized study was conducted in Parul Sevashram Hospital, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, between May 2024 and October 2024. The study included 34 ASA-1 and ASA-2 patients scheduled for one—or two-level MIS, divided into two groups: Group G (GA) and Group S (SA). Preoperative evaluation included demographics, lab tests, and imaging. Intraoperative monitoring covered heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and oxygen saturation. Postoperative assessments included blood loss, satisfaction scores, and complications. Results: Spinal anesthesia (SA) showed better hemodynamic stability, reduced blood loss (67.5±19.8 ml in Group S vs 73.2±14.9 ml in Group G), and higher satisfaction scores. Surgery duration was shorter in the SA group (89.9±8.2 min in Group S vs 94±7.2 min in Group G), with fewer complications. PACU stay was significantly lower in Group S (134±17.2 min) compared to Group G (175±20.4 min). Postoperative analgesic requirement (Inj Butorphanol) was also less in Group S (5 mg vs 14 mg IV). Conclusion: Spinal anesthesia is a safe and effective alternative to general anesthesia for MIS, offering better patient outcomes and satisfaction. This study supports the broader use of spinal anesthesia in suitable candidates to improve perioperative care.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Spinal Anesthesia, Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Patient Satisfaction, Regional Anaesthesia, Prone Position, Hemodynamic Stability, India
  topic: keywords
subject: Spinal Anesthesia
  topic: disciplines
subject: Patient Satisfaction
  topic: disciplines
subject: Surgery
  topic: disciplines
subject: Orthopedic
  topic: disciplines
subject: Neurosurgery
  topic: disciplines
creator: Vanshita Patel
creator: Ashish Jain
creator: Jay Pandya
creator: Shivani Pancholi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Vanshita Patel , Ashish P Jain, Jay Pandya , Shivani Pancholi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-04-30
publication date: 2025-04-30
starting page: 1285
ending page: 1291
doi: 10.47108/jidhealth.Vol8.Iss2.412

Knowledge of antibiotic prescription guidelines among doctors in Ramadi PHC Centers, Iraq
type: item
description: Background: The inappropriate use of antibiotics remains a critical driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), posing a significant threat to global public health. Poor adherence to antibiotic prescribing guidelines among healthcare providers contributes to the development and spread of resistant bacterial strains. In Iraq, the extent of this problem, particularly in primary healthcare settings, remains underexplored. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of physicians regarding antibiotic prescription guidelines in primary healthcare centers (PHCs) in Ramadi, Iraq. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between January and March 2024 among 92 doctors working in PHCs in Ramadi. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire assessing sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, and attitudes toward antibiotic use. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 26. Results: Among 92 respondents, 52.2% were female, and the majority had less than two years of experience. Although 77.2% reported that their facility provided antibiotic guidelines, only 46.7% had received regular training. Notably, 98.9% acknowledged that misuse of antibiotics contributes to resistance. However, 28.3% still believed antibiotics were effective against viral infections. Attitudes showed that 65.2% consult infectious disease experts before prescribing broad-spectrum antibiotics. Conclusion: The study highlights moderate awareness but variable adherence to antibiotic prescription guidelines among doctors in Ramadi PHCs. Interventions focusing on continuous training, access to updated guidelines, and multidisciplinary support are essential to enhance rational antibiotic use.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Antibiotic Resistance, Prescription Guidelines, Primary Healthcare, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Physician Knowledge, Antibiotic Misuse, Iraq
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Health
  topic: disciplines
subject: Pharmacy
  topic: disciplines
subject: Medical Education
  topic: disciplines
creator: Mustafa Al-Samarrai
creator: Saad Ahmed Ali Jadoo
creator: Khamees Alsaad
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mustafa Ali Mustafa Al-Samarrai, Saad Ahmed Ali Jadoo, Khamees Hussein Ali Alsaad http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 1291
ending page: 1296
doi: 10.47108/jidhealth.Vol8.Iss2.411

Isolated biliary tract injury: necessity to heighten vigilance following blunt abdominal trauma in children
type: item
description: Background: Bile duct injury after blunt abdominal trauma is a rare entity in the pediatric population. Its occurrence has been highly linked to the primary injuries of the liver or duodenum as explained by their anatomical affiliation. Case presentation: Here we present a case of a 4-year-old female brought in with a history of generalized abdominal pain that was associated with distension and absolute constipation. This was preceded by a blunt abdominal traumatic incident four days prior. On examination, she was ill-looking, tachypneic, and had a grossly distended abdomen with a positive Blumberg's sign. After the baseline laboratory and radiographic investigations, she was taken for exploration where Bile peritonitis was found secondarily to a perforated common bile duct (CBD). All other visceral structures and organs were fine; a meticulous primary closure of the 2 by 1 cm defect was done as superimposed by an omental patch. She fared well post-operatively and was discharged on the seventh day. Conclusion: Though rare, biliary tract injury should always be considered among the differential diagnoses in blunt abdominal trauma, as its early diagnosis precipitates early intervention which will in turn positively affect the patient's outcome.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biliary Tract, Abdominal Trauma, Children, Biliary Leak, Bile Peritonitis, Blumberg’s Sign, Tanzania
  topic: keywords
subject: Pediatric
  topic: disciplines
subject: Gastrointestinal
  topic: disciplines
subject: Biliary Tract
  topic: disciplines
creator: Seth Jotham
creator: Alicia Massenga
creator: Francis Semwene
creator: Langa Michael
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Seth Jotham, Alicia Massenga, Francis Semwene, Langa Michael http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-04-30
publication date: 2025-04-30
starting page: 1281
ending page: 1284
doi: 10.47108/jidhealth.Vol8.Iss2.410

Prevalence and molecular characterization of Bartonella species from rodents and their associated ectoparasites in Kilwa District, Lindi region, Tanzania
type: item
description: Background: Bartonella are facultative Intracellular gram-negative bacteria from the Bartonellaceae family. Several rodents associated with Bartonella species have been known to be transmitted by ectoparasites to animals and humans however, limited information is available about their epidemiology, host, vector, and species specificity, particularly in southern Tanzania. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and molecular characterization of Bartonella species in rodents and their associated ectoparasites in Kilwa district, Southern part of Tanzania. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to capture rodents using Sherman and Wire cage traps. Captured rodents were anesthetized using diethyl ether and dissected to extract spleen tissue. Ectoparasites were identified by examining their morphological features with a stereo microscope aided by ectoparasites identification keys. A total of 138 rodent spleen tissue and 93 pools of ectoparasites were subjected to conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing targeting the gltA gene of Bartonella species. Results: The overall prevalence of Bartonella species in rodents was 3.62% with a statistically significant difference in prevalence among species (χ² = 12.951, df = 5, p < 0.01) compared to 3.23% in ectoparasites with no significant differences across species (p > 0.05). Bartonella infections were 3.37% in M. natalensis, 3.27% in R. rattus and 50.0% in G. dolichurus. The Laelaps species and Xenopsylla cheopis were found infected by 6.67% and 2.70%, respectively, while Rhipicephalus appendiculatus was not infected by Bartonella species. Sequence analysis of rodents and ectoparasites showed that the obtained sequences in the current study were genetically closely related to Bartonella mastoids from Turkey, Bartonella species from Kenya, and uncultured Bartonella species from South Africa (99.50–99.75% identity). Conclusion: The detection of Bartonella species in rodents and their associated ect…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Rodents
  topic: keywords
subject: Ectoparasites
  topic: keywords
subject: Bartonella
  topic: keywords
subject: Bartonella mastomydis
  topic: keywords
subject: Tanzania
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Health
  topic: disciplines
subject: Zoology, Infectious Disease
  topic: disciplines
subject: Paracitology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Pilato Waya
creator: Elisa Mwega
creator: Christopher Sabuni
creator: Martin Martin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Pilato Nazareno Waya, Elisa Daniel Mwega, Christopher Sabuni, Martin John Martin http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-04-30
publication date: 2025-04-30
starting page: 1273
ending page: 1280
doi: 10.47108/jidhealth.Vol8.Iss2.407

Non-medical pathways to cardiovascular health: a discourse analysis of dietary and lifestyle interventions in the United States
type: item
description: Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. While conventional medical treatments dominate cardiovascular care, non-medical pathways, such as plant-based dietary patterns and lifestyle modifications, have gained recognition for their potential to complement traditional approaches. Methods: A qualitative discourse analysis was conducted on peer-reviewed articles published between 2013 and 2023. A systematic search across databases identified 10 studies that met inclusion criteria, focusing on non-medical interventions for reducing CVD risk in U.S.-based populations. Data extraction and thematic synthesis highlighted key patterns related to dietary and lifestyle interventions, cost implications, physiological outcomes, and implementation barriers. Results: Five key themes emerged from the analysis: (1) Plant-based dietary patterns, including vegetarian and vegan diets, consistently improved blood pressure and lipid profiles. (2) Lifestyle modifications, such as increased physical activity and stress management, enhanced cardiovascular health when integrated into primary care frameworks. (3) Non-medical interventions demonstrated significant improvements in physiological outcomes, including reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. (4) These interventions were cost-effective and scalable, making them viable options for diverse populations. (5) Barriers to implementation included cultural and socioeconomic factors, as well as challenges in sustaining long-term adherence. Conclusion: Non-medical pathways, particularly plant-based dietary patterns and lifestyle modifications, play a critical role in mitigating cardiovascular disease risks. These approaches not only address key physiological risk factors but also provide cost-effective, accessible, and scalable solutions for diverse populations. Overcoming barriers to implementation through tailored interventions and community-based strategies is…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cardiovascular Health, Qualitative Discourse Analysis, Dietary and Lifestyle Interventions, United State, United Kingdom
  topic: keywords
subject: Cardiology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Qualitative study
  topic: disciplines
subject: Dietary and Lifestyle
  topic: disciplines
creator: Awobode Oyetomi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Awobode Joel Oyetomi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-04-30
publication date: 2025-04-30
starting page: 1269
ending page: 1272
doi: 10.47108/jidhealth.Vol8.Iss2.406

Worker falls with impalement by a steel bar that results in a penetrating scrotal injury: a case report
type: item
description: Background: Scrotal injuries constitute the great bulk of genito-urinary traumas. Penetrating scrotal injuries are infrequent when compared to blunts. Moreover, impalement injuries by hard metals are rarer, especially when no permanent harm is left. Case presentation: A 38-year-old male construction site worker was brought to the accident and emergency (A&E) department after falling from a 3 meters-high building. On arrival, his look was horrific, as a large steel bar was penetrating his right chest causing pneumothorax. A second bar penetrated his scrotum from bottom to up. The patient was frightened by the accident. Vitals were normal, with no signs of major blood loss. The chest trauma was dealt with by the relevant team, while the scrotal injury necessitated emergency surgery. Operatively, the steel bar was found to travel miraculously across the scrotal contents sparing vital structures. Subsequently, the bar was removed leaving no permanent damage. The patient was discharged home uneventfully. Conclusion: A steel bar might cause an eerily external genital injury that passes throughout the scrotum without notable content damage.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Male External Genital Injury, Penetration Scrotal Trauma, Acute Scrotum, Sharp Genital Trauma, Occupational Hazard, Fall with Impalement, Saudia Arabia
  topic: keywords
subject: Surgical Trauma, Emergency Medicine, Urology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Atif Katib
creator: Alya Filfilan
creator: Bassem Dakkak
creator: Bassam Bugis
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Atif Katib, Alya Filfilan, Bassem Dakkak, Bassam Bugis http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-02-28
publication date: 2025-02-28
starting page: 1262
ending page: 1264
doi: 10.47108/jidhealth.Vol8.Iss1.404

Unveiling the facilitators and barriers of adopting healthy diets among Indonesian teenagers during covid-19 pandemic
type: item
description: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted shifts in dietary habits among Indonesian teenagers, with some embracing healthier choices while others succumb to unhealthy options, especially during confinement. Identifying the factors influencing these dietary changes is essential for crafting effective interventions to promote better nutrition during this challenging time. This study aimed to determine the factors facilitating teenagers' shift to healthy, well-balanced diets. Methods: A cross-sectional study enrolled 396 teenagers aged 15-17 in Surabaya and Sidoarjo, Indonesia was conducted in the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed using an online survey platform. Nutrition literacy was assessed through health literacy measures related to adolescents' nutrition and diet. Predictors of the outcome were determined by logistic regression analysis. Results: The results showed low economic status, comorbidities, and COVID-19 modules significantly predicted the shift to healthy diets. After adjusted analysis, only low economic levels (OR 0.30, 95% CI [0.13-0.70], p<0.05) and comorbidities (OR 0.33, 95% CI [0.12-0.93], p<0.05) were independent barriers against teenagers shifting to healthy diets, while choosing food without preservatives (OR 2.22, 95% CI [1.18-4.16], p<0.05) and maintaining body weight (OR 3.04, 95% CI [1.79-5.16], p<0.05) independently facilitated it. Conclusion: The strategic actions aimed at improving dietary practices and nutrition literacy in teenagers should be designed to narrow the socioeconomic gap.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Adolescents, Equality, Healthy Diet, Nutrition Literacy, Socioeconomic Gap, Indonesia
  topic: keywords
subject: Infectious Disease
  topic: disciplines
subject: Virology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Nutrition
  topic: disciplines
subject: Public Health
  topic: disciplines
creator: Visuddho Visuddho
creator: Nurina Hasanatuludhhiyah
creator: Annette d’Arqom
creator: Ancah Caesarina Novi Marchianti
creator: Farapti Farapti
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Visuddho Visuddho, Nurina Hasanatuludhhiyah, Annette d’Arqom, Ancah Caesarina Novi Marchianti, Farapti Farapti http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-02-28
publication date: 2025-02-28
starting page: 1254=1261
ending page: 1254=1261
doi: 10.47108/jidhealth.Vol8.Iss1.403

Differences, relationships, and risks of using digital technology with depression, anxiety, and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic
type: item
description: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the critical need for mental health resilience and digital inclusion, particularly among vulnerable populations. To draw lessons from the pandemic for future public health initiatives, this study examined the mental health status of middle-aged and older Indonesians and its associations with sociodemographic factors, comorbidities, grief experiences, and digital technology use. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (September–October 2021). An online questionnaire collected data on sociodemographic variables, comorbidities, grief experiences, and digital technology usage. Mental health was assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Results: From total 199 enrolled in this study, prevalence rates for depression, anxiety, and stress were 11.1%, 33.7%, and 19.5%, respectively. Depression was associated solely with marital status, while anxiety was influenced by marital status, comorbidities, and the use of digital technology for health information access (p<0.05). Stress was impacted by gender, marital status, comorbidities, and digital technology usage (p<0.05). Multivariate analysis confirmed that infrequent digital technology use predicted higher levels of depression and anxiety (aOR, 2.82, CI 1.14-6.96; 2.36, CI 1.26-4.43; p<0.05). Females, unmarried individuals (aOR, 2.38, CI 1.08-5.25; 2.37, CI 1.11-5.09; p<0.05), and those with comorbidities were at greater risk for mental health challenges (aOR, 3.92, CI 1.43-10.75; p<0.05). However, inadequate digital technology skills were linked to lower stress likelihood (aOR, 0.37, CI 0.144-0.95; p<0.05). Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of bridging the digital gap and addressing social determinants to strengthen mental health resilience among middle-aged and older adults in Indonesia. Post-pandemic, integrating digital inclusion strategies into public health initiatives is …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Aging, COVID-19, Digital Gap, Equality, Mental Health, Indonesia
  topic: keywords
subject: Infectious Disease
  topic: disciplines
subject: Veterinary Medicine
  topic: disciplines
subject: Psychology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Men
  topic: disciplines
creator: Nurina Hasanatuludhhiyah
creator: Brihastami Sawitri
creator: Beny Aji Ifaudi Rahman
creator: Atika Atika
creator: Erikavitri Yulianti
creator: Ancah Caesarina Novi Marchianti
creator: Visuddho Visuddho
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Nurina Hasanatuludhhiyah, Brihastami Sawitri, Beny Aji Ifaudi Rahman, Atika Atika, Erikavitri Yulianti, Ancah Caesarina Novi Marchianti, Visuddho Visuddho http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-02-28
publication date: 2025-02-28
starting page: 1247
ending page: 1253
doi: 10.47108/jidhealth.Vol8.Iss1.402

Serological insights and clinical patterns of dengue fever in a tertiary care hospital: a survey-based study
type: item
description: Background: Dengue fever, a vector-borne disease caused by the dengue virus (DENV) and transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, remains a public health concern in India, especially due to its seasonal and geographical variability. The disease manifests with symptoms like fever, myalgia, rashes, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, affecting various organs. This study aimed to examine the demographic patterns, clinical presentations, and healthcare-seeking behavior of paediatric dengue patients. Additionally, it analyzed dengue positivity trends from 2021 to 2023. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from September to December 2021 among suspected dengue paediatric patients admitted to the Paediatrics department of Autonomous State Medical College Firozabad. Diagnostic tests included Dengue rapid NS1, ELISA NS1 Antigen, and IgM ELISA. Data were analyzed to assess clinical symptoms, healthcare access, and yearly dengue trends. Results: A total of 6,445 patients were clinically suspected of dengue at the Paediatrics IPD, Autonomous State Medical College, Firozabad, Uttar Pradesh. Among them, 386 were confirmed dengue-positive by rapid card, NS1 antigen, or IgM ELISA tests. The highest number of suspected cases (43.17%) was observed in school-going children (6–12 years). Males (55.47%) were more affected than females (44.53%), with nearly equal distribution between rural and urban areas. Platelet counts varied widely, with 31.73% having counts between 50,000–100,000. Fever with myalgia (75.65%) was the most common symptom. Dengue positivity fluctuated across years, with the highest rate in 2021 (193/1147 cases), followed by declines in 2022 and 2023. Conclusion: Dengue fever shows a variable trend in incidence, with significant impact from healthcare access and public awareness. Improving awareness and timely diagnosis could help mitigate the severity of cases in future outbreaks.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Dengue, Paediatric Case, ELISA, Clinical Manifestation, Positivity Trends, India
  topic: keywords
subject: infe
  topic: disciplines
subject: Medicine
  topic: disciplines
subject: Virology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Zikra Tahseen
creator: Chandramani Yadav
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Zikra Tahseen , Chandramani Yadav http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-02-28
publication date: 2025-02-28
starting page: 1240
ending page: 1246
doi: 10.47108/jidhealth.Vol8.Iss1.401

Impact of asthma on linear growth in preschool children: a cross-sectional study in Iraq
type: item
description: Background: Asthma is a common chronic respiratory condition in children, often emerging during the preschool years. Its long-term effects may extend beyond respiratory health, potentially influencing physical development, including linear growth. This study aims to determine whether a significant association exists between asthma and impaired linear growth of preschool-aged children in Iraq. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between 1st January and 30th June 2024 at Al-Batool Teaching Hospital, pediatric outpatient clinics, Diyala, Iraq. The cohort analyzed data of 90 children aged 1–5 years who has been divided into two groups: asthmatic (n=45) and non-asthmatic controls (n=45). Height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) were used to assess linear growth. Data were collected through caregiver interviews and medical record reviews, including sociodemographic characteristics and clinical information. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were employed to identify significant associations between asthma and stunting. Results: Among asthmatic children, 42.2% had low HAZ scores compared to 20.0% of non-asthmatic children (p=0.03). Logistic regression showed that asthma was significantly associated with linear growth impairment (OR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.1–7.2, p=0.028), even after adjusting for confounders such as nutrition and parental education. Conclusion: Asthma in preschool children is significantly associated with impaired linear growth. Early detection, asthma control, and integrated nutrition strategies are crucial to improving both respiratory and growth outcomes. Further longitudinal studies are needed to explore causality and long-term developmental impacts.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Asthma, Linear Growth, Stunting, Preschool Children, Iraq, Height-For-Age Z-Score, Childhood Morbidity, Iraq
  topic: keywords
subject: Pediatric
  topic: disciplines
subject: Endocrine
  topic: disciplines
subject: Respiratory System
  topic: disciplines
subject: Childhood Morbidity
  topic: disciplines
subject: Growth
  topic: disciplines
creator: Ali Al-fadhli
creator: Ahmed Al-karkhi
creator: Jalil Al-ezzi
creator: Saad Ahmed Ali Jadoo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ali Gedis Shareef Al-fadhli, Ahmed Khaleel Abed Al-karkhi, Jalil Ibrahim Al-ezzi, Saad Ahmed Ali Jadoo http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-04-30
publication date: 2025-04-30
starting page: 1265
ending page: 1268
doi: 10.47108/jidhealth.Vol8.Iss2.398

Flexible ureterorenoscopy for renal stones in ectopic malrotated pelvic kidneys: a case report on safety and effectiveness
type: item
description: Background: An ectopic pelvic kidney is a rare congenital anomaly with a high incidence of complications such as reflux, the pelviureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction, nephrolithiasis, and even renal failure. We here report a case of retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for the treatment of right pelvic kidney stones. Case presentation: A 65-year-old male presented to the urology clinic at Life Hospital, Kalar, Iraq, on September 10, 2024, with complaints of lower abdominal pain, microscopic hematuria, and dysuria. The patient had a medical history of cardiovascular and unhealthy lifestyle-related diseases. Physical examination revealed lower abdominal pain without fever. Serum creatinine was 1.4 mg/dL and HbA1c was 8.7%, with microscopic hematuria and pyuria in urinalysis. Contrast-enhanced CT revealed an ectopic right iliac kidney with moderate hydronephrosis and two renal stones (11 mm and 13 mm). Flexible ureterorenoscopy (fURS) with Holmium: YAG laser stone dusting was performed under spinal anesthesia. The procedure lasted 50 minutes, achieving complete stone clearance. The patient was discharged the same day without complications, and follow-up confirmed successful outcomes. Conclusion: A single-session RIRS has successfully disintegrated the stone. Proper preoperative assessment and selection of the most suitable surgical procedure are critical for successful treatment.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Flexible Ureterorenoscopy, Renal Stones, Ectopic Pelvic Kidneys, Iraq
  topic: keywords
subject: Surgery
  topic: disciplines
subject: Urology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Aous Khaleel
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Aous Abed Al-Jaleel Khaleel http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-02-28
publication date: 2025-02-28
starting page: 1232
ending page: 1235
doi: 10.47108/jidhealth.Vol8.Iss1.396

Navigating the complexities of anesthetic management in a preterm neonate with double outlet right ventricle posted for noncardiac surgery
type: item
description: Background: Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) is an uncommon congenital heart defect characterized by the simultaneous emergence of both the aorta and pulmonary artery from the right ventricle. This condition is frequently linked with other congenital anomalies, such as imperforate anus, which presents considerable challenges for anesthesiologists. This case report outlines the effective anesthetic management of a preterm neonate diagnosed with DORV and imperforate anus, who was scheduled for an urgent sigmoid colostomy. Case presentation: A 6-day-old preterm female weighing 2.2 kg, exhibited DORV along with a subaortic ventricular septal defect, mild pulmonary stenosis, adequate biventricular function, and moderate pulmonary hypertension. Additionally, she presented with an imperforate anus accompanied by a recto-vaginal fistula. The preoperative assessment involved echocardiography, electrocardiography, and various laboratory tests. The pediatric cardiologist advised that the patient's oxygen saturation should be maintained within the range of 80-85% throughout the emergency colostomy procedure. Anesthetic management involved premedication with glycopyrrolate, ondansetron, fentanyl, and dexamethasone. The patient was induced with sevoflurane and intubated with a 2 mm endotracheal tube. Anesthesia was maintained with a mixture of air and oxygen, sevoflurane, and atracurium. Hypothermia was prevented using a warmer, and fluid management was guided by the patient's hemodynamic parameters. After the 1-hour surgery, the patient was transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit, where she was initially supported with synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation and later extubated Conclusion: The effective anesthetic management of this preterm neonate with DORV and imperforate anus necessitated a comprehensive understanding of the associated cardiac and anorectal anomalies, meticulous preoperative planning, and a collaborative multidisciplinary approach to perio…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Double Outlet Right Ventricle (DORV), Imperforated Anus, Preterm Neonate, Neonatal Emergency, Congenital Anomalies, Multidisciplinary Approach, India
  topic: keywords
subject: Pediatric
  topic: disciplines
subject: Anesthesia
  topic: disciplines
subject: Congenital Anomalies
  topic: disciplines
subject: Surgery
  topic: disciplines
subject: Cardiology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Ashish Jain
creator: Akhilesh Chhaya
creator: Swapnali Suryavanshi
creator: Mohammad Shaikh
creator: Deep Vadnagara
creator: Yatin Bharad
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ashish P Jain, Akhilesh Chhaya, Swapnali Suryavanshi, Mohammad Nadeem Shaikh, Deep Vadnagara, Yatin Bharad http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-02-28
publication date: 2025-02-28
starting page: 1236
ending page: 1239
doi: 10.47108/jidhealth.Vol8.Iss1.399

A paradox of the ovulatory patterns in the living laboratory, African giant pouched rat (Cricetomys gambianus) from Tanzania
type: item
description: The African giant pouched rat (Cricetomys gambianus) has emerged as a valuable model animal deployed in biomedical and other researches with humanitarian application due to its intelligence, socio-behavior, and adaptability to captivity. This rodent lives in solitary and belongs to the family Cricetidae that synchronises sexual behavioral onset with subsequent maturation of their gonads and gametes just prior to the beginning of the short rains of Tanzania. The current study set out to investigate whether ovulation in this species is induced or spontaneous. The study involved five sexually mature intact tame females and five sexually matured vasectomized wild males. Females were monitored non-invasively for ovarian cyclicity by measuring urinary progesterone every 2 days over 84days. Females were subjected to three separate step-wise experiments with different treatments as follows: step one was singly housed, which served as the control (C), followed by Non-Physical Contact with a vasectomized male (NPC) and Physical Contact with the same vasectomized male (PC), respectively. The average urinary progesterone concentration was similar in all three treatments, with a urinary progesterone spike indicating ovulation occurring in all treatments, suggesting a spontaneous ovulating strategy. However, upon assessment of the male penis, it was revealed that part of the glans penis had small epidermal spines which somehow resembles to those reported in induced ovulators. The findings from this study on the African giant pouched rat leaves a paradox as profiles of progesterone from females strongly suggest a spontaneous pattern of ovulation although the penile morphology of males have features suggesting induced pattern of ovulation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cricetomys, Creatinine, Progesterone, Ovulation, Copulation, Penile Epidermal Spines, Tanzania
  topic: keywords
subject: Veterinary Medicine
  topic: disciplines
subject: Physiology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Zoology, Infectious Disease
  topic: disciplines
creator: Mungo Ngalameno
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mungo Kisinza Ngalameno http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 1221
ending page: 1226
doi: 10.47108/jidhealth.Vol7.Iss6.394

The penetration, possibility of protection and treatment of COVID-19
type: item
description: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, has had an unprecedented global impact, highlighting the urgent need to understand the virus's penetration mechanisms, prevention methods, and the most effective treatment strategies. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge and emerging developments in these areas. Firstly, the review examines the intricate pathways through which SARS-CoV-2 penetrates host cells. It explores the viral entry receptors, including angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and highlights the potential involvement of other receptors. Additionally, the review delves into the processes of viral replication, shedding light on the viral kinetics and factors influencing transmissibility. Secondly, the review presents an in-depth analysis of the various measures employed to protect individuals and communities from SARS-CoV-2 infection. It discusses the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as physical distancing, mask-wearing, and hand hygiene, in reducing transmission. Furthermore, the review explores the development and deployment of vaccines, including traditional approaches and novel vaccine platforms, examining their efficacy, safety, and the challenges posed by emerging variants. Lastly, the review provides an overview of the current treatment strategies for COVID-19. It evaluates the effectiveness of antiviral drugs, immunomodulatory therapies, and supportive care approaches in managing the disease. By gaining a deeper understanding of these aspects, we can contribute to the development of evidence-based interventions and improve global health outcomes in the face of COVID-19 and future pandemics.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Penetration Mechanisms, Viral Entry Receptors, Viral Replication, Treatment Strategies
  topic: keywords
subject: Infectious disease
  topic: disciplines
subject: Public Health
  topic: disciplines
subject: Medicine
  topic: disciplines
creator: Amal Hassan
creator: Eithar K El-Adham
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Amal Ibrahim Hassan, Eithar Karem El-Adham http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 1199
ending page: 1220
doi: 10.47108/jidhealth.Vol7.Iss6.388

knowledge, attitude, and practice on brucellosis among livestock keepers in Kilosa district, Tanzania
type: item
description: Background: Brucellosis is a contagious bacterial zoonotic disease that is primarily caused by Brucella species. The current study aims to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice towards brucellosis among livestock keepers in Kilosa District-Tanzania. Methods: The cross-sectional study design was employed from February to March 2023 in Kilosa district, Tanzania. A semi-structured questionnaire was employed to evaluate participants' knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to brucellosis. Collected data were analyzed by using (Microsoft) MS Excel, and the chi-squared test. Results: A total of 150 randomly selected livestock keepers participated in the study, with the majority being male. Participants’ ages ranged from 20 to 70 years. While 138 out of 150 (92%) had heard about brucellosis, only 18 (12%) demonstrated good knowledge of its transmission between livestock and from livestock to humans. Most respondents (80%) were aware of the disease's clinical signs, identifying abortion in animals and headaches in humans as primary symptoms. Regarding attitudes and practices, 52 (34.7%) strongly agreed that brucellosis is a serious disease in livestock, but only 20 (13%) considered it a significant health threat to humans. Alarmingly, 138 (92%) reported consuming unboiled raw or soured milk. A statistically significant difference was observed in knowledge levels based on sex and education, with a p-value (**p < 0.01) for each variable. These findings highlight gaps in knowledge and risky practices that may contribute to the spread of brucellosis among livestock and humans. Conclusion: This study has shown that there is little understanding and poor attitudes and practices towards brucellosis among livestock keepers in the Kilosa district. This can be addressed by providing community awareness campaigns about zoonotic diseases including brucellosis.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Brucellosis, Livestock Keepers, Knowledge, Attitude, Practices, Tanzania
  topic: keywords
subject: Infectious Disease
  topic: disciplines
subject: Veterinary public health
  topic: disciplines
subject: Zoology, Infectious Disease
  topic: disciplines
creator: Gilbert Mwamengele
creator: Christopher Sabuni
creator: Coletha Mathew
creator: Claus Thomas
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Gilbert Mwamengele, Christopher Sabuni, Coletha Mathew, Claus Thomas http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 1192
ending page: 1198
doi: 10.47108/jidhealth.Vol7.Iss6.386

Frequency domain analysis of heart rate variability in response to cold pressor test in young offspring of hypertensive parents
type: item
description: Background: Cardiovascular reactivity to stress was revealed to be a predictor of future cardiovascular risk. A positive family history of hypertension is an important risk factor for the development of hypertension in the children of hypertensive parents. We applied cold pressor test (CPT) to measure heart rate variability (HRV) with the objective to assess the cardiovascular autonomic response to stress. Methods: A case-control study was conducted between from December 2022 to November 2023 at the department of Physiology, Government Medical College, Kota in India. A total of 70 Cases and 70 Controls underwent to CPT technique to evaluate the autonomic function to stress. Descriptive and bivariate analysis including Mann-Whitney U-and ANOVA tests were performed. Results: In this study, the mean ± SD values of HRV in control group before CPT was 79 ± 13, during CPT was 81 ± 11 and after CPT was 77 ± 9. The HR in control group was increased during CPT and the level decreased after CPT. The HRV level in control group was statistically significantly different before CPT, during CPT and after CPT, and p= 0.04. Conclusion: The autonomic measurements were found higher in offspring of hypertensive parents (OHTPs) compared to offspring of normotensive parents (ONHTPs). The offspring of hypertensive parents have higher chances of future development of hypertension than the offspring of normotensive parents.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Heart Rate Variability, Cold Pressor Test, Hypertension, Offspring of Hypertensive Parents, India
  topic: keywords
subject: Cardiology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Medicine
  topic: disciplines
subject: Non-Communicable disease
  topic: disciplines
creator: Shailendra Tyagi
creator: Umesh Kumar
creator: Shikha Tyagi
creator: Nitesh Agarwal
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Shailendra Kumar Tyagi, Umesh Kumar, Shikha Tyagi, Nitesh Agarwal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-02-28
publication date: 2025-02-28
starting page: 1227
ending page: 1231
doi: 10.47108/jidhealth.Vol8.Iss1.375

Biofilm formation and virulence factors in streptococcus pyogenes isolated from pharyngitis patients: implications for diagnosis and treatment
type: item
description: Background: Streptococcus, including Streptococcus pyogenes, causes infections from mild to severe. Understanding biofilm formation and virulence is crucial due to high mortality. This study aims to assess the biofilm production capabilities of different Streptococcus species isolated from patients with suspected pharyngitis. Specifically, it examines the correlation between biofilm formation and the bacterial virulence of Streptococcus pyogenes. Methods: A total of 100 throat swabs were collected and cultured on selective media, specifically 5% defibrinated sheep blood agar and azide blood agar. Identification of isolates was achieved using the Vitek2 System and confirmed through 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing, utilizing specific primers. The nucleotide sequences were compared to reference databases to ensure accurate identification. Biofilm production was evaluated using the Congo Red Agar method and the Microtiter Plate Test, categorizing isolates based on their production capacity. Results: The results revealed a high bacterial growth rate of 89.0%, with Streptococcus pyogenes being the most prevalent isolate (28.6%), followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus viridans. Significant variations in biofilm production were observed, with Streptococcus pyogenes exhibiting a strong correlation with significant biofilm formation, suggesting its potential enhanced virulence and increased resistance to treatments. Conclusion: The findings highlight the critical role of biofilm formation in the virulence of Streptococcus pyogenes and underscore the need for integrating biochemical, molecular, and phenotypic methods for accurate bacterial identification and understanding of their pathogenic mechanisms. The use of molecular methods such as 16S rRNA sequencing provides a robust framework for the identification and characterization of these pathogens, contributing essential insights into the clinical implications of bacterial biofilm formation and info…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: 16s rRNA typing, Pharyngitis, VITEK 2 system, Streptococcus, Biofilm production, Iraq
  topic: keywords
subject: Microbiology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Infectious Disease
  topic: disciplines
creator: Alyaa Alghrairi
creator: Ilham Bunyan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Alyaa Hashim Alghrairi , Ilham A. Bunyan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 1187
ending page: 1191
doi: 10.47108/jidhealth.Vol7.Iss6.374

Assessing knowledge and readiness of senior medical students in diagnosing appendicitis
type: item
description: Background: Acute appendicitis, a common atraumatic surgical emergency, peaks in the second and third decades but can affect individuals of all ages. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge and preparedness of senior medical students in accurately diagnosing appendicitis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to May 2024, targeting final-year medical students at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Diyala, Iraq. Using a universal sampling approach, a semi-structured questionnaire was employed, covering socio-demographic data and 30 questions assessing appendicitis knowledge and preparedness. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 21.0, applying descriptive statistics, with statistical significance set at P < 0.05. Results: The study surveyed 119 senior medical students on demographics, appendicitis knowledge, risk factors, and diagnostic methods. Most participants were female (73.9%), single (83.2%), and had completed a General Surgery course (75.6%). Knowledge of appendicitis was high, with 86.6% recognizing it as appendix inflammation and 78.2% understanding perforated appendicitis. Clinical exposure was limited, with only 41.2% encountering appendicitis cases. Surgical treatment was preferred (94.9%), with laparoscopic appendectomy slightly favored (54.6%). Common symptoms like pain localization and digestive issues were well-recognized, but awareness of risk factors like diabetes (42.8%) and obesity (59.7%) varied. CT scans (74%) and ultrasound (63.1%) were considered the most effective diagnostic methods, while MRI received mixed responses (27.7% agreement). Conclusion: This study emphasizes the need for enhanced clinical exposure, focused training on atypical presentations, education on risk factors and less common complications, and improved understanding of supportive diagnostic tests to strengthen medical students' diagnostic and procedural readiness for appendicitis.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Appendicitis, Emergency, Medical Students, Inflammation, Iraq
  topic: keywords
subject: Surgery
  topic: disciplines
subject: Medical Education
  topic: disciplines
creator: Amjed Jaber
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Amjed Mohammed Taqi Jaber http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 1174
ending page: 1180
doi: 10.47108/jidhealth.Vol7.Iss6.366

Prevalence of burnout among medical students at Al-Nahrain University, Iraq: a cross-sectional study
type: item
description: Background: Medical students suffer from high levels of academic exhaustion, negative positions, and insufficient feelings about the academy. This study aims to estimate the rate of burnout among medical students and the related factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st March to 30th April 2023 at the medical college, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq. A self-administered standard Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey Questionnaire was recruited to assess the burnout level depending on emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and professional efficacy questions. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were used to find out the association between variables. Results: Out of 515 medical students surveyed, 59.2% were females, and 31.7% lived in dormitories. Most were in their fourth year (32.6%), and 82.3% were non-smokers. About 12.6% had chronic illnesses, and 15.5% took regular medication. Stressful life events affected 65.2%, while 68.2% passed the last course. Over half (56.1%) slept less than eight hours daily, and only 21.7% exercised regularly. Among the sample involved in the study, 221 (42.9%) were suffering from a high burnout level. There was significant high burnout among females, who intake regular medication, were exposed to stress, failed in the last course, and those without regular exercise at P-values equal 0.01, 0.03, 0.002, < 0.001, and < 0.001 respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, female gender, exposure to stress, the use of regular medications, academic failure, and aerobic lack are more likely related to high levels of burnout.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Burnout, Prevalence, Cynicism, Emotional exhaustion, Medical Students, Iraq
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Health
  topic: disciplines
subject: Psychology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Medical Education
  topic: disciplines
subject: Medicine
  topic: disciplines
creator: Nibras Hussain
creator: Luma Mohammed
creator: Methaq Alogaili
creator: Tamara Hussein
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Nibras Alaa Hussain , Luma Kareem Mohammed , Methaq Hassan Alogaili , Tamara Ala’a Hussein http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-10-31
publication date: 2024-10-31
starting page: 1138
ending page: 1142
doi: 10.47108/jidhealth.Vol7.Iss5.364

Role of erythropoietin in anemic children with chronic renal failure in Diyala Governorate, Iraq
type: item
description: Background: Chronic conditions, such as anemia are often attributed to insufficient production of erythropoietin. This study focuses on evaluating the effectiveness and safety of recombinant erythropoietin therapy in managing anemia associated with chronic kidney disease. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 40 patients diagnosed with anemia due to chronic kidney disease. The study took place from August 1, 2022, to February 30, 2023, at Al-Batool Teaching Hospital in Diyala Province, Iraq. The participants were divided into two groups: the first group comprised 30 patients aged between 80 days and 15 years receiving conservative treatment, while the second group included 10 patients aged 6 to 13 years undergoing hemodialysis. Data analysis, including descriptive and bivariate methods, was performed using SPSS Version 20, with a p-value of less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: In this study, group I patients had a mean age of 7.1 years, with two-thirds (66.6%) falling within the 1–10 age range and a male-to-female ratio of 1.7:1. In group II, the mean age was 9.5 years, with 60% in the 5–10 age group and a balanced gender ratio (1:1). The primary causes of chronic renal failure (CRF) in Group I were cystinosis and reflux nephropathy (26.7% each), while laboratory findings revealed a mean glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 72.19 mL/min and severe anemia with hemoglobin (Hb) levels of 4.7 g/dL before treatment. Treatment significantly improved Hb levels in Group I (7.47 to 10.17 g/dL, P < 0.001) but showed limited efficacy in Group II (6.9 to 8.2 g/dL, P = 0.002). Conclusion: The findings underscore variable treatment responses between groups, emphasizing the need for tailored anemia management strategies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Erythropoietin, Anemia, Children, Chronic Renal Failure, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Iraq
  topic: keywords
subject: Pediatric
  topic: disciplines
subject: Medicine
  topic: disciplines
subject: Nephrology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Heamatology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Haider Dawod
creator: Saif Tofiq
creator: Jalil Al-ezzi
creator: Saad Ahmed Ali Jadoo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Haider Jwad Dawod, Saif Hakeem Tofiq , Jalil Ibrahim Al-ezzi, Saad Ahmed Ali Jadoo http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 1181
ending page: 1186
doi: 10.47108/jidhealth.Vol7.Iss6.371

Cestodes fauna of silvery mole rats (Heliophobius Argentiocinereus Emini) in Morogoro Region, Tanzania
type: item
description: Background: Silvery mole rat (Heliophobius Argentiocinereus) is a subterranean rodent widely distributed throughout Sub-Saharan Africa. They have been reported to host several gastrointestinal parasites, however, the status of parasites from these rats in Tanzania has not been widely studied. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of cestodes parasites in silvery mole rats from the Morogoro region. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Mlali and Mji mkuu wards of the Mvomero and Morogoro urban districts in Tanzania, from March to June 2023. Silvery mole rats were collected through manual excavation of their burrows in agri-ecological areas. The captured rats were euthanized using Diethyl Ether and dissected to remove the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). GIT contents were gathered. Adult worms were collected and preserved in 70.0% ethanol. A flotation and aceto-carmine staining techniques were employed to process gastrointestinal contents and adult tapeworms respectively. Both cestode eggs and adult tapeworms were identified based on general morphological features using taxonomic keys. The prevalence of cestodes was computed, and a chi-square test was applied to assess association, a p-value≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: One hundred thirty-seven silvery mole rats were collected, adult females 65% (89/137) were dominant among collected rats. One species of gastrointestinal cestode was detected with an overall prevalence of 20.44% (28/137) and identified as Hymenolepis diminuta. A total of 392 adult worms and 1450 eggs per gram (EPG) for H. diminuta were collected from the gastrointestinal tract. A significant association was shown between cestodes infection with both host age and reproductive category (p< 0.05). Conclusion: This study has established that Hymenolepidae (H. diminuta) is prevalent in silvery mole rats of the Morogoro region, suggesting that this animal could be among the sources of hymenolepiasis disease in the communit…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Hymenolepis diminuta, Prevalence, Morogoro, Silvery Mole Rats, Endoparasites, Tanzania
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Health
  topic: disciplines
subject: Veterinary public health
  topic: disciplines
subject: Zoology, Infectious Disease
  topic: disciplines
subject: Paracitology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Mi
  topic: disciplines
creator: Debora Shija
creator: Jahashi Nzalawahe
creator: Mungo Ngalameno
creator: Eliakunda Mafie
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Debora Elias Shija, Jahashi Saidi Nzalawahe, Mungo Kisinza Ngalameno, Eliakunda M. Mafie http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-10-31
publication date: 2024-10-31
starting page: 1167
ending page: 1173
doi: 10.47108/jidhealth.Vol7.Iss5.372

Prevalence of Leptospira antibodies in cattle, sheep, and goats in Kilwa District, Tanzania: a risk to public health
type: item
description: Background: Leptospirosis is a global zoonotic infection affecting both humans and animals in tropical and subtropical countries, including Tanzania. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of leptospirosis in livestock in Kilwa Southern Tanzania. Methods: A cross-sectional investigation was undertaken from January to March 2023 to establish the prevalence of leptospirosis in livestock in Kilwa district, southern Tanzania. A total of 100 blood samples from cattle, 120 blood samples from goats, and 20 blood samples from sheep were sampled from different selected sites for serum harvesting. Through a microscopic agglutination test, the collected serum samples were tested against five live leptospiral antigens to detect leptospiral antibodies. Common five reported serovars in Tanzania were used in this study such as leptospiral serovars Sokoine, Pomona, Grippotyphosa, Hebdomadis, and Lora. Results: The overall prevalence of leptospirosis in cattle was 26.0%=95%CI=0.1774-0.3573, in goats was 27.5%=95%CI=0.1975-0.3640, and in sheep was 30.0%=95%CI=0.1189-0.5428. Both livestock hosts demonstrated high prevalence with serovar Sokoine being the most prevalent serovar over others. Most of the antibody titers obtained suggested prolonged exposures of this livestock to leptospirosis infection and only a few antibody titers especially from goats suggest recent infection of leptospirosis Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between different characteristics and disease. A significant (P=0.0086) association was obtained between disease prevalence and different characteristics such as location, sex, host, and serovars. Conclusion: Increased human-livestock contact raises the risk of disease transmission to both humans and animals. Reducing this disease burden, especially in low-income countries like Tanzania where livestock are key to income and food security, is essential. Vaccinating livestock with locally adapted strains ca…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Leptospirosis, Zoonosis, Serovars, Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT), Livestock, Kilwa District, Tanzania
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Health
  topic: disciplines
subject: Zoology, Infectious Disease
  topic: disciplines
subject: Veterinary public health
  topic: disciplines
subject: Paracitology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Microbiology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Mathayo Kikoti
creator: Athumani Lupindu
creator: Abdul Katakweba
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Mathayo Cralency Kikoti , Athumani Lupindu, Abdul Selemani Katakweba http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-10-31
publication date: 2024-10-31
starting page: 1159
ending page: 1166
doi: 10.47108/jidhealth.Vol7.Iss5.370

Seroprevalence and molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii infecting Rodents and Pigs in Iringa Municipality, Tanzania
type: item
description: Background: Toxoplasma gondii, is an intracellular protozoan parasite that relies on both definitive and intermediate hosts, such as rodents and pigs, for completion of its life cycle. Despite its public health importance, data on its infection in these hosts is limited in Tanzania, notably the Iringa region that had reported human mortalities due to toxoplasmosis. This study was undertaken to determine the seroprevalence and molecular detection of T. gondii in rodents and pigs in Iringa municipal. Methods: The study employed a cross-section design where 127 rodents and 240 pigs were sampled from selected wards in Iringa municipal from January 2023 to March 2023. For serological analysis, the antibody ELISA method was employed. Seropositive rodents and pigs were subjected to Nested PCR for T. gondii DNA detection using brain and blood samples from rodents and pigs, respectively. Results: Overall seroprevalence was 1.57% for rodents and 26.25% for pigs. Among the studied wards the highest proportion of Seropositive samples was from Kitwiru (6.25%) and Nduli (40%) for rodents and pigs, respectively. Statistical analysis indicated that Pigs aged 13-24 months were significantly more likely to test positive for anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies (p=0.0006), and antibody detection was strongly linked to hygiene practices in pig management (p < 0.0001). Additionally, in rodents, there was a statistically significant difference in exposure status related to species and collection site, with p-values of 0.043 and < 0.0001, respectively. T. gondii DNA was detected in 100% and 3.17% of seropositive rodents and pigs, respectively. Sequencing yielded one of each for rodents and pigs PCR positive samples respectively which showed about 98.36% to 99.15% similarity with T. gondii DNA from other countries isolated from different animal species. Conclusion: The detection of antibodies to T. gondii and subsequent identification of T. gondii DNA in samples from rodents and pigs indicate th…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Toxoplasma gondii, Rodents, Pigs, Seroprevalence, Molecular Detection, Nested PCR, Tanzania
  topic: keywords
subject: Veterinary public health
  topic: disciplines
subject: zoonosis
  topic: disciplines
subject: epidemiology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Public health
  topic: disciplines
subject: Paracitology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Herman Ntungwa
creator: Elisa Mwega
creator: Ernatus Mkupasi
creator: Abdul Katakweba
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Heran Oscar Ntungwa, Elisa Mwega, Ernatus Martin Mkupasi , Abdul Selemani Katakweba http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-10-31
publication date: 2024-10-31
starting page: 1148
ending page: 1158
doi: 10.47108/jidhealth.Vol7.Iss5.369